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Examining the Influence of Chinese Architecture and Garden Design in the Great Mosque of Xi’an
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Sahar Anvaary   , Ali Khaksar |
| University of Tehran & Department of Advanced Studies in Art, Faculty of Visual Arts, College of Fine Arts |
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Abstract: (170 Views) |
During the Ming dynasty, the initiation of Sinicization by the rulers and the promotion of a national style in Islamic architecture led to the construction and reconstruction of numerous mosques in the traditional Chinese architectural style. Given that the Great Mosque of Xi’an is a prominent example of mosques constructed in the national style and is situated within an extensive series of courtyards, and considering the intrinsic connection between traditional Chinese architecture and garden design, this study aims to identify and elucidate the elements and characteristics of traditional Chinese architecture and garden design as manifested in the Great Mosque of Xi’an. The primary research question addressed the specific architectural and horticultural dimensions of traditional Chinese architecture that are evident in the Great Mosque of Xi’an, and the mechanisms through which these elements are expressed. In this regard, this descriptive-analytical study employed a historical methodology. Data collection was conducted through a comprehensive review of existing literature and online sources. Based on these findings, it is evident that the influence of traditional Chinese architecture and garden design is reflected in the spatial organization and detailed features of the Great Mosque of Xi’an. This is particularly apparent in the creation of distinct spaces and micro spaces, such as the crescent moon observation tower and the memorial pillar enclosure. Additionally, elements characteristic of Chinese gardens, including inscriptions in Chinese, stonework, and water features, are prominently integrated into the mosque’s design. Furthermore, the Great Mosque of Xi’an exemplifies several key principles of traditional Chinese architectural design. These include the hierarchical progression of access to the main space, the emphasis on privacy and the prevention of direct sightlines, the focus on central axis and symmetry, the balance and stability alongside fluidity and continuous change, and adherence to the principle of polarity. Most notably, the mosque’s design integrates a harmonious unity with nature, evident in the spatial organization, layout of passages and crossings, and the expansive arrangement of the buildings. However, it is crucial to note that certain features distinguish the Great Mosque of Xi’an from traditional Chinese architecture and garden design. Specifically, the mosque’s orientation towards the qibla and the presence of Arabic inscriptions impart unique Islamic characteristics, setting it apart from conventional Chinese architectural and horticultural practices.
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Article number: 1 |
| Keywords: Chinese architecture, Chinese garden design, Sinicization, Chinese national mosques, Great Mosque of Xi’an. |
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Full-Text [PDF 885 kb]
(196 Downloads)
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Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Art islamic
Received: 2024/07/13 | Accepted: 2024/11/26 | Published: 2025/03/21
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